往期推文全新看点（文中附带全新鸿蒙5.0全栈学习笔录）

✏️ 鸿蒙应用开发与鸿蒙系统开发哪个更有前景？

✏️ 嵌入式开发适不适合做鸿蒙南向开发？看完这篇你就了解了~

✏️ 对于大前端开发来说，转鸿蒙开发究竟是福还是祸？

✏️ 鸿蒙岗位需求突增！移动端、PC端、IoT到底该怎么选？

✏️ 记录一场鸿蒙开发岗位面试经历~

✏️ 持续更新中……

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概述

Configure是一个用于自动化软件编译和安装的工具，它可以帮助开发者编译和安装源代码，以便生成可执行文件和库文件。在编译和安装软件时，通常需要一系列步骤，例如设置编译选项、检查依赖库、生成配置文件等，Configure可以通过读取软件的源代码，自动化这些步骤，简化软件的编译和安装过程。其原理是根据系统环境和用户设置来生成Makefile文件，Makefile文件是一个包含编译选项和依赖关系的脚本，可以自动化编译和安装软件。

Configure工具的主要作用：

• 配置检查：Configure脚本会检查系统是否具有编译软件所需的所有依赖项，如编译器、库文件等。
• 生成Makefile：根据系统的配置情况，Configure生成相应的Makefile，确保编译过程能够顺利进行。
• 提供命令行选项：Configure脚本支持大量的命令行选项，这些选项允许用户自定义编译选项，如安装路径、优化级别等。通过执行./configure --help可以查看所有可用的选项。
• 缓存机制：为提高后续配置的效率，Configure支持将测试结果缓存到一个文件中，避免重复进行相同的测试。

Configure构建三方库适配流程

本小节介绍如何在Linux环境下，使用Configure构建工具通过ohos sdk编译jpeg三方库源码，生成ohos平台三方库的so及二进制文件。

环境准备

1. Linux编译环境及HarmonyOS SDK下载 。
2. 获取三方库源码（“/mnt/e/configure”中configure表示创建的文件夹名称，用于存放三方库源码文件，开发者可自行选择创建与否）。

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure$ wget http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v9e.tar.gz       # 下载三方库源码包

3. 解压源码包。

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure$ tar -zxvf jpegsrc.v9e.tar.gz                           # 解压源码包

编译三方库

1. 查看Configure配置。

cd进入jpeg-9e目录，执行Configure配置，如若对Configure配置项不熟悉，可以通过运行./configure --help命令查看：

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/$ cd jpeg-9e
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ ./configure --help                             # 查看configure配置项
`configure` configures libjpeg 9.5.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
...
# 配置安装选项
Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
...
# 配置编译的主机选项(--host)，默认配置为linux
System types:
  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
  --target=TARGET   configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
# cJSON库配置可选项
Optional Features:
  --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--enable-silent-rules   less verbose build output (undo: "make V=1")
--disable-silent-rules  verbose build output (undo: "make V=0")
--enable-maintainer-mode
enable make rules and dependencies not useful (and
sometimes confusing) to the casual installer
--enable-dependency-tracking
do not reject slow dependency extractors
--disable-dependency-tracking
speeds up one-time build
--enable-ld-version-script
enable linker version script (default is enabled
when possible)
--enable-shared[=PKGS]  build shared libraries [default=yes]
--enable-static[=PKGS]  build static libraries [default=yes]
--enable-fast-install[=PKGS]
optimize for fast installation [default=yes]
--disable-libtool-lock  avoid locking (might break parallel builds)
--enable-maxmem=N     enable use of temp files, set max mem usage to N MB
...
# 配置编译命令(默认使用linux gcc相关配置)
Some influential environment variables:
  CC          C compiler command
CFLAGS      C compiler flags
LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
  LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS    (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
  CPP         C preprocessor
LT_SYS_LIBRARY_PATH
User-defined run-time library search path.

Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure` or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to the package provider.

由Configure的帮助信息可以知道，jpeg交叉编译需要配置主机（编译完后需要运行的系统机器）、交叉编译命令以及配置安装路径等选项。

2. 配置交叉编译命令。

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export OHOS_SDK=/xxx/ohos-sdk/linux/                                          # 配置SDK路径，此处需配置成自己的sdk解压目录
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export AS=${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/llvm-as
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export CC="${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/clang --target=aarch64-linux-ohos"     # 32bit的target需要配置成 --target=arm-linux-ohos
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export CXX="${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/clang++ --target=aarch64-linux-ohos"  # 32bit的target需要配置成 --target=arm-linux-ohos
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export LD=${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/ld.lld
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export STRIP=${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/llvm-strip
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export RANLIB=${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/llvm-ranlib
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export OBJDUMP=${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/llvm-objdump
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export OBJCOPY=${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/llvm-objcopy
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export NM=${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/llvm-nm
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export AR=${OHOS_SDK}/native/llvm/bin/llvm-ar
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export CFLAGS="-fPIC -D__MUSL__=1"                                             # 32bit需要增加配置 -march=armv7a
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ export CXXFLAGS="-fPIC -D__MUSL__=1"                                           # 32bit需要增加配置 -march=armv7a

3. 执行Configure命令。

安装路径以及host配置可以在./configure时执行（xxx表示自定义安装路径），host此处以配置arm64位为例。

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ ./configure --prefix=xxx/jpeg --host=aarch64-linux       # 执行configure命令配置交叉编译信息
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
...
# 省略部分configure信息
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating libjpeg.pc
config.status: creating jconfig.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
config.status: executing libtool commands

执行完./configure未提示任何错误，即说明配置成功，在当前目录会生成Makefile文件。

4. 执行make编译命令，进行交叉编译。

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ make                       # 执行make编译命令
make  all-am
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/owner/workspace/jpeg-9e'
CC       cjpeg.o
CC       rdppm.o
...
# 省略部分make信息
...
CC       rdcolmap.o
CCLD     djpeg
CC       jpegtran.o
CC       transupp.o
CCLD     jpegtran
CC       rdjpgcom.o
CCLD     rdjpgcom
CC       wrjpgcom.o
CCLD     wrjpgcom
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/owner/workspace/jpeg-9e'

5. 执行安装命令。

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ make install
make[1]: Entering directory '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e'
  /usr/bin/mkdir -p '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/lib'
  /bin/bash ./libtool   --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c   libjpeg.la '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/lib'
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libjpeg.so.9.5.0 /mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/lib/libjpeg.so.9.5.0
...
# 省略部分make install信息
...
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c wrjpgcom /mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/bin/wrjpgcom
  /bin/bash /mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/install-sh -d /mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/include
  /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 jconfig.h /mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/include/jconfig.h
  /usr/bin/mkdir -p '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/include'
  /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 jerror.h jmorecfg.h jpeglib.h '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/include'
  /usr/bin/mkdir -p '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/share/man/man1'
  /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 cjpeg.1 djpeg.1 jpegtran.1 rdjpgcom.1 wrjpgcom.1 '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/share/man/man1'
  /usr/bin/mkdir -p '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/lib/pkgconfig'
  /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 libjpeg.pc '/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg/lib/pkgconfig'

6. 执行完后对应的文件安装到prefix配置的路径。

cd进入配置的路径，ls查看对应文件：

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e$ cd xxx/jpeg
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg$ ls
bin  include  lib  share
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg$ ls lib
libjpeg.a  libjpeg.la  libjpeg.so  libjpeg.so.9  libjpeg.so.9.5.0  pkgconfig
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg$ ls include/
jconfig.h  jerror.h  jmorecfg.h  jpeglib.h
owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure/jpeg-9e/jpeg$ file lib/libjpeg.so.9.5.0
lib/libjpeg.so.9.5.0: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, with debug_info, not stripped

7. 安装完成后，将jpeg中生成的bin目录下的文件移动至三方库jpeg-9e目录下。

owner@ubuntu:/mnt/e/configure$ mv jpeg-9e/jpeg/bin/* jpeg-9e/

8. 至此，使用Configure通过ohos sdk编译三方库jpeg源码完成。