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一、HTTP核心模块对比

二、基础HTTP请求

1. GET请求示例

import http from '@ohos.net.http';

async function fetchData() {
  // 1. 创建请求对象
  let httpRequest = http.createHttp();
  
  // 2. 设置请求参数
  let url = 'https://api.example.com/data?id=123';
  let header = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' };
  
  // 3. 发起请求
  try {
    let response = await httpRequest.request(
      url,
      { method: 'GET', header }
    );
    
    // 4. 处理响应
    if (response.responseCode === 200) {
      console.log(JSON.parse(response.result));
    }
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(`请求失败: ${err.code}`);
  } finally {
    // 5. 销毁请求
    httpRequest.destroy();
  }
}复制

2. POST请求（带Body） 

let options = {
  method: 'POST',
  header: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  extraData: JSON.stringify({ title: 'foo', body: 'bar' })
};

httpRequest.request(url, options, (err, data) => {
  if (!err) {
    console.log("响应状态码:", data.responseCode);
  }
});复制

3. PUT请求

import http from '@ohos.net.http';

async function updateUser(userId: string, userData: object) {
  let httpRequest = http.createHttp();
  try {
    let response = await httpRequest.request(
      `https://api.example.com/users/${userId}`,
      {
        method: 'PUT', // 关键设置
        header: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
        extraData: JSON.stringify(userData) // 完整用户数据
      }
    );
    console.log('更新结果:', response.result);
  } finally {
    httpRequest.destroy();
  }
}

// 调用示例
updateUser('123', { name: '张三', age: 30 });复制

4. PATCH 请求

async function updateUserName(userId: string, newName: string) {
  let httpRequest = http.createHttp();
  try {
    await httpRequest.request(
      `https://api.example.com/users/${userId}/name`,
      {
        method: 'PATCH', // 关键设置
        header: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json-patch+json' },
        extraData: JSON.stringify([{ "op": "replace", "path": "/name", "value": newName }])
      }
    );
  } finally {
    httpRequest.destroy();
  }
}复制

5. DELETE 请求

async function deletePost(postId: string) {
  let httpRequest = http.createHttp();
  try {
    let response = await httpRequest.request(
      `https://api.example.com/posts/${postId}`,
      { method: 'DELETE' } // 关键设置
    );
    if (response.responseCode === 204) {
      console.log('删除成功');
    }
  } finally {
    httpRequest.destroy();
  }
}复制

三、高级功能实现

1. 文件上传（Multipart）

import fileio from '@ohos.fileio';

async function uploadFile(filePath: string) {
  let fileStat = fileio.statSync(filePath);
  let file = fileio.openSync(filePath, 0o100); // 只读模式
  
  let options = {
    method: 'POST',
    files: [
      {
        filename: 'image.jpg',
        name: 'file',
        uri: `internal://app/${filePath}`,
        type: 'image/jpeg',
        size: fileStat.size
      }
    ]
  };

  httpRequest.upload(url, options, (progress) => {
    console.log(`上传进度: ${progress.percent}%`);
  });
}复制

2. 请求拦截器（Axios风格） 

// 安装axios：ohpm install @ohos/axios
import axios from '@ohos/axios';

// 请求拦截
axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {
  config.header['X-Token'] = getToken();
  return config;
});

// 响应拦截
axios.interceptors.response.use(
  response => {
    if (response.status !== 200) {
      throw new Error('服务异常');
    }
    return response.data;
  },
  error => {
    showToast('网络错误');
    return Promise.reject(error);
  }
);复制

四、安全与优化

1. HTTPS证书校验

let sslOptions = {
  protocols: [http.Protocol.TLSv12],
  useCipherSuites: [
    'TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384'
  ],
  ca: '/path/to/cert.pem' // 自定义CA证书
};

httpRequest.request(url, {
  method: 'GET',
  sslOptions
});复制

2. 请求缓存策略 

let cacheOptions = {
  priority: http.HttpCachePriority.LOW,
  readBehavior: http.HttpCacheReadBehavior.ONLINE
};

httpRequest.request(url, {
  method: 'GET',
  cacheOptions
});复制

五、实战案例：封装HTTP工具类 

export class HttpUtil {
  private static instance: HttpUtil;
  private httpRequest: http.HttpRequest;

  private constructor() {
    this.httpRequest = http.createHttp();
  }

  static getInstance(): HttpUtil {
    if (!HttpUtil.instance) {
      HttpUtil.instance = new HttpUtil();
    }
    return HttpUtil.instance;
  }

  async get(url: string, params?: Record<string, string>) {
    let query = params ? '?' + new URLSearchParams(params).toString() : '';
    return this.request('GET', url + query);
  }

  private async request(method: string, url: string, data?: any) {
    try {
      let response = await this.httpRequest.request(url, {
        method,
        header: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
        extraData: data ? JSON.stringify(data) : undefined
      });
      
      return JSON.parse(response.result);
    } catch (err) {
      throw new Error(`HTTP Error: ${err.code}`);
    }
  }

  destroy() {
    this.httpRequest.destroy();
  }
}

// 使用示例
HttpUtil.getInstance().get('https://api.example.com/data', { page: 1 });复制

六、调试与问题排查

1. 网络状态监听

import network from '@ohos.net.network';

network.on('netAvailable', (data) => {
  console.log(`当前网络类型: ${data.netInfo.type}`);
});复制

2. 常见错误码处理

七、性能优化建议

1. 连接复用

   // 全局保持单例HttpRequest
   const httpRequest = http.createHttp();复制

2. 数据压缩

   let headers = {
     'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate'
   };复制

3. 分页加载

   async function loadPage(page: number) {
     return httpRequest.get(url, { page, size: 20 });
   }复制

总结对比

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